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February 11, 2012

=Foundations of Linguistics=
 * # Phonetics ~ Study of Sound across languages
 * 1) Phonology ~ Study of Sounds of a specific Language
 * 2) Morphology ~ Study of Word formation
 * 3) Syntax ~ Study of word order - phrases, clauses, sentences
 * 4) Semantics ~ Study of meanings of words, phrases, clauses
 * 5) Pragmatics ~ Study of how language is used to communicate(situation specific) || [[image:2.jpg width="448" height="453"]] ||


 * Phoneme is the smallest segmental unit of sound
 * Phonemic Awareness ~ sound system of a language ~ Phonemic Awareness and Reading are mutually reinforcing ~ don't need Phonemic Awareness to speak or listen
 * Phonologial Awareness is necessary to read or speak
 * Minimal pair ~ set of two words that differ by only one phoneme ie Fair/Care
 * Homonyms ~ same sound, same spelling, or both
 * homophone ~ same sound different spelling
 * homograph ~ same spelling may or may not have same sound
 * heteronym ~ same spelling different sounds
 * Vowels / Consonants
 * Vowels sounds are syllabic (each syllable contains a vowel)
 * Consonants are "non-syllabic"
 * English permits clusters of 2 or 3 consonants at the end of syllables THESE ARE DIFFICULT FOR L2 LEARNERS
 * Click the chart to go to the web site where you can click and hear the sound

Use this site to practice/listen for both vowels & consonants www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics
Site includes graphic of how sounds are formed.

Cononsants ~ usually in pairs (one voiced and one voiceless)

 * ===Cononsants=== || ===Voiced=== || ===Voiceless=== ||
 * Stop ~ complete stop of air || b || p ||
 * || d || t ||
 * || g || k ||
 * Fricatives ~ constrict air flow through vocal tract || v || f ||
 * || sixth || theta ||
 * || z || s ||
 * || 3sure || sh***y snake ||
 * ||  || h ||

Negative Transfer Invented Spelling 3rd Person Singular Homonyms Synonyms Antonyms